Natural disasters are considered one of the most serious threats facing humans, as they leave a lot of human and material losses annually, and dealing with them has become one of the issues that trouble countries and international communities, especially in developing countries. Where many cities suffer from urban sprawl at the expense of valleys and torrential streams and the obliteration of their features.
Floods are one of the most prevalent natural disasters, claiming more than 20,000 lives annually and negatively affecting approximately 75 million people worldwide. The reason for this is due to the widespread geographical distribution of floodplains and low-lying beaches, as well as the long-term appeal of human habitation. Floods continue to be a prevalent cause of death and disaster across the world, impacting millions of people each year.
Floods and floods occur frequently, as a result of several factors and characteristics represented in: the topographical formation, the hydrological, geological, and climatic characteristics of the region, especially the rains and sudden cyclones that the region is witnessing. Risks, their distribution and their spatial impacts.
The paper will go through several flood risk assessment approaches utilizing case studies from several countries. These technologies include meteorological, hydrological, hydrometeorological, socio-economic, and Geographic Information System-based technologies (GIS). The article states that GIS technology looks to be highly promising since it can incorporate all other flood risk assessment approaches.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Flood Risk, Meteorological Parameters, Hydrological Parameters, Geographic Information System.
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